─ Cliff Mad Honey Index
Research &
References
The peer-reviewed literature behind everything we publish — cited studies, annotated sources, and methodology notes.
Every claim in the Cliff Mad Honey Index is backed by published science. This section is an annotated library of the peer-reviewed studies, clinical case series, and scientific papers we reference across the site. We do not conduct original research — we read, verify, and clearly explain what the existing literature says.
All References
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Mechanism and Clinical Presentation of Mad Honey Poisoning: What Jansen et al. (2012) Established
Source paper Jansen SA, Kleerekooper I, Hofman ZLM, Kappen IFPM, Stary-Weinzinger A, van der Heyden MAG. Grayanotoxin Poisoning: ‘Mad Honey…
Grayanotoxins in Mad Honey: Therapeutic Potential, Regional Comparison, and the 2025 Research Frontier
Source paper Aryal M. Grayanotoxins in Mad Honey: Mechanisms of Toxicity, Clinical Management, and Therapeutic Implications. Journal of Applied Toxicology.…
Mad Honey Uses, Diagnosis, and Treatment: What the Clinical Literature Documents
Source paper Ullah S, Khan SU, Saleh TA, Fahad S. Mad honey: uses, intoxicating/poisoning effects, diagnosis, and treatment. RSC Advances.…
Grayanotoxin Batch Variation in Himalayan Mad Honey: What 60 Samples Found
Source paper Ahn S-Y, Oh S, Woo S, Kim C-H, Kim J-H. Detection and Simultaneous Quantification of Three Grayanotoxins in…
Traditional Use of Mad Honey in Anatolian Folk Medicine: An Ethnographic Study
Ethnographic and ethnobotanical documentation of deli bal use in Anatolian communities represents an important body of knowledge that predates and…
Atropine in Mad Honey Poisoning: A Systematic Review of Dosing and Outcomes
Grayanotoxin poisoning from mad honey produces a characteristic hemodynamic profile — bradycardia, hypotension, and varying degrees of atrioventricular conduction block…
Grayanotoxin Quantification in Commercial Mad Honey: HPLC-UV Methodology
The quantification of grayanotoxins in commercial honey presents specific analytical challenges that make method selection and validation critical to the…
Grayanotoxin Distribution Across Rhododendron Species: A Chemotaxonomic Survey
Of the approximately 700 Rhododendron species recognised by botanists, not all produce grayanotoxins, and among those that do, concentrations vary…
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Modulation by Grayanotoxin-I: A Mechanistic Review
Grayanotoxin I (GTX I) binds to receptor site 2 on voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) — the same binding site targeted…
