Rhododendron honey Archives - Cliff Mad Honey Index

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Grayanotoxin LD50: Lethal Dose Data, Route Effects, and What Animal Studies Cannot Tell You About Human Risk

Table of grayanotoxin LD50 values in mice, from EFSA 2023: GTX I, 1.28 to 1.5 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection and 5.1 mg/kg orally; GTX III, 0.8 to 0.91 mg/kg by injection and 4.9 mg/kg orally; GTX II, 10 to 26.1 mg/kg by injection, with no oral value established. Injection values cannot be applied to oral honey consumption.

The LD50, lethal dose 50 percent, is the amount of a substance required to kill 50 percent of a test population under specified experimental conditions. It is a standard measure of acute toxicity used to compare compounds and establish hazard classifications. For grayanotoxin, published LD50 data exist in mice across several isoforms and routes of […]

Grayanotoxin in Mad Honey: What the Research Says About Concentration & Safety

Dark amber mad honey jar with honey dipper dripping honey, surrounded by glowing teal molecular structures on deep navy background

Companion references: the grayanotoxin glossary defines every term used here, and the mad honey fact sheet for journalists collects the citable figures with their sources. Our sources sets out which journals this site draws on and how it grades evidence. MEDICAL DISCLAIMER This page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Mad […]